Lubricating system for compressors or the like



21, 1942. v r Y 5 w MANTLE 2,280,296

LUBRICATING SYSTEM-FOR COMBRESSORS OR THE LIKE Filed June 14, 1940 ,2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS.

April 21, 1942; a; w. MANTLE 2,230,296

' LUBRICATING SYSTEM-(FDR cour'nnssoas (in THE 'LIKE I Filgd Ju e 14, 1940 I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR B urr WardManf/e ATTORNEYS.

'ure 1. In the prior art, a ring oiler has been used to deliver oil from a supply in the base of the crank Patented Apr. 21, 1942 UNITED STATE s- PATEN A OFFICE wnnrca'rnvo srs'remroa comnessons on THE LIKE Burr Ward Mantle, Pittsford, N. Y, assignor The American Brake Shoe and Foundry Com pany, a corporation of Delaware Application June 14, 1940, Serial No. 340,463

" 8 Claims..- (Cl.1846) .lifts lubricant from abody of lubricant in the bottom of the crank case and conveys the lubricant to the crank shaft. Some of the lubricant is utilized for lubricating the crank shaftand some of the lubricant is delivered, through suitable ducts, partly to the crank bearing and partly to the wrist pin bearing. v A further object of the invention is the provision, in a crank shaft, of a duct one end of which terminates in the crankpin, and the other end of which terminates at a point closely adjacent to the shaft, and-so located that it contacts the lateral face of an oil ringpdeliverin'g'" oil to the shaft, once during each revolutionof the crank shaft, whereby a limited quantity of said oil is delivered by. said duct to the crank pin. 1 1

Another object of the invention is they provision, in a compressor or the like, of means for delivering oil to the wrist pin of the compressor,

and the provision of a connecting rod having 'a case to the crank shaft, instead of using the "splash" system, but the diiliculty has been to.

prevent the moving parts of the compressor from getting too much oil, with the result that oil becomes mixedlwlth the discharged compressed air or other medium. v

In high speed compressors the excess oil actually becomes atomized into tiny globules of oil duct formed therein, one end of whichterminates in: the crank bearing and the other end of which terminates in the wrist pin bearing, whereby oil from the crank pin is delivered by centrifugal I force toithe wrist pin bearing. V 7 Yet another object of the invention is the provision in; the arrangement described, of a wrist pin having a cross hole therein communicating with the hollow interior thereof whereby some of l the oil arriving at the wrist pin bearing under -centrifugal force may pass through said cross hole andbe delivered to the cylinder walls via the hollow interior of the wrist pin.

Other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Referring to the drawings;

Figure 1 is across seotio'n elevation of a single cylinder compressor illustrating, by way of example, one form of the invention; g Y m Figure 2 is a crosssectio taken along the line 22 of Figurel, showing the relation of the mov- 1 ing oil duct opening with respect to the moving oil ring; and

Figure 3 is a sectional cylinder compressor embodying a modified arrangement ofv that arrangement shown in Figelevation "of a tw so finely divided that it is commonly termed smokefl' It is diiiicult to bring these minute particles of oil together in .orderto get them to coalesce, due to the fact. that they are of the same electrical sign and repel each other.

The present invention was devised for deliver ing ample lubrication to all of the working parts of the compressor without providing an excess which would become mixedwith the product (compressed air or other fluid medium) of the compressor.

Referring now to Figure 1, the compressor is "provided with 'a crank case III, which may have the end H formed integral therewith. The end l l includes a bearing boss which is bored out and fitted with a suitable bearing I! having theusual oil grooves l3 formed therein. A crank shaft I! mounted in bearing l2 has a. crank I5 formed integral therewith-and carrying a crank pin [6 within the crank case It. The outer end of the crank case may be provided with a key I! and-may carry a fly wheel or pulley l8 which is 'securedto the crank shaft 14 by means of a set screw 19.. An annular chamber20 is'formed in the outer end of the bearing boss II, and an oilslinging' collar M is mounted on the shaft l4 within the chamber 20. An oil duct 22 leads from the-bottom of the chamber 20 to the bottom of the interior crank case 10 for returning oil from the bearing I2 and from the slinger 21 to the main body of oil 23.

v The crank case Ill has a removable end plate '24 which is secured to the crank case with a gasket 25 therebetween by means of bolts, one of which may be seen at 26. The end plate 24 may have -a breather openingj'l "formed therein, and may carry' a filler tube 28 provided with a suitable cover or closure 29. The inner portion 30 of the bearing boss is cut away at 3| to form a clearance for the oil ring 32, so that as the crank shaft ll rotates, the oil ring 32 may freely rotate due to the frictionalengagementlof its inner surface with the outer surface of the shaft NH. Due to the diflerence between the diameter 1 oi the shaft II and that of the ring 32, the ring rotates slowly and brings up 011 from the body crank pin I8. The opening in the surface 34, forming one terminus of the duct 33, isitermed the opening 33*," and the opening forming. the

other end of the duct 33 in the surface of the crank pin I 6 is termed the opening 33 Referring for the moment to Figure 2;-it will" be seen that the opening 33 travels along a circular path designated by the numeral 34'. This.

path, assuming that the crank "is turning in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 2 and indicated by the arrow, is traversed by the opening 33* which comes in contact with oil on the lateral surface 32 of the ring 32 at a point indicated by the numeral 35, and this contact is interrupted at the point indicated by the numeral 38. Now, during the time that-the opening 33 is in contact with the oil on the said lateral surface" of the ring 32, the relative motion of the lateral surface 32 and of the hole 33 is variable,

due to the change in radial relation; and further, since the relative speeds of the opening 33 and the ring 32, the ring may be said to intromit oil into the duct 33 via the hole or opening 33. This occurs only during a definite period of each revolution of the crank, the period being determined by the length of the arc of the ring between points 35 and 36 and the speed at which the crank shaft is being rotated.

The crank shaft is being rotated at a comparatively high speed, therefore, centrifugal force causes the oil entering the duct 33 to move therethrough and out via the end 33 into the connecting rod bearing 31 which is carried in the connecting rod 38. The connecting rod bearing 31 has a groove 39 formed therein which communicates with a passage 40 running longitudinally in the connecting rod to an oil groove 4| formed in the-wrist pin bearing 42.

A cylinder 43 is secured to the crank case in any suitable manner and a piston 44 has a wrist pin 45 extending through the wrist pin bearing 42, so that as the crank shaft rotates, the piston 44 reciprocates in said cylinder. The cylinder may be provided with the suitable cylinder head 46. The wrist pin 45 may have a central hole 41 formed therein and a cross hole 48 communicating therewith, said cross hole communicating with the oil groove 4! in'the wrist pin bearing.

- Due to the action of centrifugal force, oil entering the groove 39 in the connecting rod bearing 31 passes up the duct or passage 48 to the wrist pin bearing, thereby lubricating the wrist pin, and some of the oil passes via the cross hole 48 to the interior hole 41 in the wrist pin 45 and flows to each end thereof to furnish lubrication to the walls of the cylinder 43. In some instances suitable felt washers 49 may be placed at each end of the wrist pin 45 to more evenly distribute the oilbeing fed to the cylinder walls.

Within the crank case is a stamping '58 which has an angular portion 5| secured to the crank case by means of a screw 52, a straight portion overlying the bottom of the ring 32 and a-downwardly extending portion 54 extending to a point adjacent to the bottom of the crank case and thereby retaining the ring within a definite area in the bottom of the crank case.

The modification shown in Figure 3 relates to .a two cylinder compressor in which a crank case is displaced 180 from the crank pin 62. A web 65 joins the crank pins 82 and, 84. The crank 63 carries a stud shaft 66 which is journaled in a bushing 61 in'the end plate 68. The end plate '68 is secured to the open end of the crank case with a gasket 68 therebetween by cap screws. one of which is shown at 10.

'Ihe end plate 68 has a breather ll formed thereinand carries a filler tube 12 provided with asuitable cover or closure 73.1'The bearing 'boss 14 in the end plate 68,'which carries the bearing 67, is provided with a clearance slot 15 which will presently be described. I

\ Midway of the web 65 and concentric witlrthe shafts 68 and 66 is an annular boss 16 having a groove 11 formed therein. A ring oiler 18 is positioned in the groove I1, and its lower portion hangs down to a point within the body of oil I9 in the crank case 55. As the crank shaft rotates,

the oil ring 18 is moved by the groove TI, and oil adhering thereto is delivered to the groove 71' at the top thereof.

j An angular duct 88 has one'end terminating in the groove 11 and the other end terminating in the surface of the crank pin 64.

A second angular duct 8| has one end termimating in the groove 11 and the other end terminating in the surface of the crank pin 82. As the crank rotates, the oil adhering to the ring is scooped up or scraped off the ring 18 by the open ends of the ducts 88 and 8! in the groove 71. This is due to the fact that these open ends have a motionwith respect to'the movement of the ring 18 which is variable due to the change in radial relation which begins when said openings are passing into the zone of said ring I8, and which terminates as they are passing out of the zone of the ring 18. In other words, the ring may be said to intromit oil into the ducts and 8|. This oil by centrifugal force passes through the ducts 88 and 8| to the crank pins 64 and 62, respectively.

A cylinderblock 82 may have cylinders 83 and 84 formed therein and is secured to the top of the crank case 55 in any suitable manner. A piston 85 is mounted to reciprocate in the cylinder 83 and carries a wrist pin 86. A connecting rod 81 which has a groove 89 formed therein communicating with the duct 80. The connecting rod also carries on its other end a wrist pin bearing 89 having an oil groove 90 formed therein, for lubricating the wrist pin 86.

A duct 9| extends longitudinally in the connecting rod 81 and has one end communicating with the oil groove 89, and the other end communicating with the oil groove 98, so that as the crank shaft rotates, oil which is intromitted to the duct 80 by the ring 18, passes through the duct 88 due to centrifugal force. Apart of this oil lubricates the crank pin 64 and part of it passes up the duct 9| to be delivered to the oil groove 90 in the wrist pin bearing thereby lubricating the wrist pin; The wrist pin 86 may be formed like the wrist pin 45 in Figure 1, so that some of the oil delivered to the oil groove 90 may 'Theco nexed claims.

pass to the interior of the wrist pin and lubricate thewalls of thecylinder 03, in the manner def means to retain theoil ring I in the groove 11.

The cylinder 04 has apiston 00 mounted to reciprocate therein which carries a wrist pin 04.

A connecting rod 00 has at one end thereof a crank pin bearing 00 which has a groove 01 formed therein communicating with the duct II. nnecting rod also carries on its other end a wrist pin bearing ,00 having an oil groove 00 formed therein, for lubricating the wrist pin 00.

A duct I00 extends longitudinally in the connecting rod 00 and has one end communicating with the oil groove 01 andthe other end communicating with the groove 09, so that as the crank shaft rotates-oil which is intromittedinto the duct H by the ring I0 passes through the of it passes up the duct I00 to be delivered to the oilgro'ove 99 in the wrist pin bearing 00, thereby lubricating the wristpin 04 Some of the oil passing to the groove 00 may pass through the hollow-center of the wrist pin to lubricate the walls of the cylinder 84.

The cylinder block a: may be. provided with a suitable multiple cylinder head IOI 3 formed in said crank, open end of which is adapted to scoop oil from the lateral surface of said oil ring in a comparatively narrow ,zone' adiacent to said-point as said crank shaft rotates, v said ring and said passage both being in motion as the open end of the latterscoops oil from said. ring, thereby causing the scoopi ion t be intermittent.

2. In a compressor or the like, a crank shaft having a crank and a crank pin, a crank case including a bearing for said shaft, a clearance slot formed on the inner end of said bearing, a body 2 duct BI and is delivered-to the oil groove 01. Part I 9 of this oil lubricates the crank pin 02, and part v of oil in said crank case below said crank shaft,

an oil ring in contact with said shaft, positioned in said clearance slot between said bearing and said crank and extending into said body of 011,.

whereby as said shaft rotates said ring delivers oil to a point above said shaft for lubricating said bearing, av-connecting rod having a bearing embracing said crank pin, and a passage in said crank having one end terminating in said crank pin and the other end terminating in the radial face of said crank adjacent to one lateral face of said ring, whereby the latter end of said passage may scoop oil fromsaid'lateral face in' a com- 'paratively narrow zone adjacent to said point once during each revolution of said crank shaft and deliver the same by intromission and centrifugal force to thebearing. in said connecting rod. 3. In a compressor or the like, a crank case having a bearing boss, a bearing in said boss, a

crank-shaft jo'urnaled in said bearing and including a crank and a crank pin, a clearance slot formed in the inner end of said boss and above a the ,axis thereof, a connecting rod connected to saidcrar kpin, a wrist pin connected to said ,con-

necting rod, an angular-passage extending from a lateral face of said crank adjacent to said clearthe bearing boss 51, and an oil ring I04 positioned in this slot delivers oil to the shaft 60 as the latter rotates. A member I I5 is secured to the bearing boss 51 and overlying the clearance slot vided with a key' I00 and may carry a fly wheel or grooved pulley I06 which is secured to the crank shaft 60 by means of a set screw I0'I. An annular chamber I08 is formed into the outer end of the bearing boss 51 and an oil slinging collar I09 is mounted on the shaft 60 within the chamber 20. An oil duct IIO leads from the bottom of the chamber I00 to the interior of the crank case 55 for returning oil from the bearing 58 and from the slinger I09 to the am body of oil 19.

From the above des ription, it will be seen that applicant by having an oil ring intromit oil into angular ducts, centrifugally delivers 011 to the working parts of a compressor or the like, and

a that the oil ring and the ducts may be so propor- What is claimed is: 4 1. In a device of the character described, a crank shaft having a crank, a body of oil below saidcrank shaft, an oil ring moved by said shaft for raising oil-from said body of oil to a point above said crank shaft, an inclined passage ance slot to thesurface of said crank-pin, a pas,-

sage extending in said connectingrod from said crank-pin to said wrist pin, said passages forming asel'ies, a body of lubricating oil in said crank case, and a ring contacting said shaft and extending below the surface of said body of oil, whereby as said shaft rotates said ring also rotates delivering oil to said shaft and periodically intromits oil into said first passage. as the latter registers with said ring, whereby under the urge of centrifugal force it may pass throughout said series and lubricate said crank pin and said wrist pin. 1

4., In a compressor or the like, a crank shaft, a

a crank case, a bearing boss in said crank case ineluding a bearing for said shaft, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder including a wrist pin, a connecting rod having a wrist pin bearing connected to said wrist pin and a crank pin bearing connected to the crank pin of said crank shaft, a series of passages extending from the face of the crank of said crank shaft adjacent to said hearing to said crank pin and thence via said connecting rod to said wrist pin, a body of oil in said crank case and means in said crank case for continuously raising oil to said shaft as th tter is rotated and adapted to intromit some of said oil into said passages via the open end of the passage in said crank, as the said passage intermittently. moves into registration with said means whereby said oil may traverse said passagesunder the urge of centrifugal force for lubricating said crank pin and said wrist pin bearings.

5. In a compressor or the like, a crank case, a multi-throw crank shaft operatively mounted in .said crank case, said crank shaft including a plurality of crank pins displaced laterally and angularly from each other, webs joining said crank .pins and each carrying a grooved bossconcentric with said crank shaft, passages' ihavingfpp'en ends rig" to mid-' terminating in, said v grooves fan points in the surfaces of "sai' of oil in said crank case, ans in said grooves and extending down'wardlyinto said body of oil, said ring means being adapted'to rotate as saidcrank shaft is rotated and to intermittently intromit oil into said open ends of saidpassages as the latter are moved into contact with'said ring, whereby said 011 may under the urge qfcenv and cylinders in said block operatively connected to said connecting rods.

7. In a compressor or the like, a crank case, a double-throw crank shaft operatively mpunted in said crank case including crank pins angularly displaced 180 apart, a web Joining said crank pins, a has carried on said web and having an open grooved surface concentric with the crank shaft, a passage having an open end terminating in said; surface and extending to a midpoint in the surface of one of said crank pins, a second passage also having an open end terminating in [said surface and extending to a midpoint in the trifugal force pass therethrough to 'sa'idfcr ank pins, and connecting rods associated withisaidf crank pins lubricated by said oil,

6. In a compressor or the like, a crankcase'a double-throw crank shaft operatively mounted in said crank case including crank pins angularly displaced at 180, apart,a web Joining said crank pins, a grooved boss carried on said web'.and-,.hav-

ing a surface concentric with the crankshaft, a passage having its open end terminating in the j.

surface of said groove and extendingto a mid point in the surface of one of said cr'ank pins, a

second passage having its open end terminating in the surface of said groove and extending tea midpoint in the surface of the other ofsaidc'rank I; pins, an oil ring positioned in said groove-and hanging down into said body of .oil, whereby when said crank shaft rotates said passages alternately and intermittently skim oil adhering to the surface of said ring from the sides thereof in comparatively narrow portions of'the entire angular displacement of said shaft, said portions being defined by the movement of the open ends of said'passages into registration with said ring.

connecting rods connected to said crank pins and lubricated by said skimmed oil passing through I said passages under the urge of centrifugal force,

a cylinder block on said crank case, and pistons surface of the other of said crank pins, an oil ring positioned in said groove and hanging down into said body of oil, whereby when said crank shaft rotates said open ends of said passages alternately and intermittently skim oil adhering to the surface of said ring from the sides thereof,

connecting rods having bearings connected to said crank pins, a cylinder block on said crank case' and having a pair of cylinders formed therein, pistons in said cylinders, wrist pins in said shaft, a ring oiler for lubricating said bearings While said compressor operates, and an oil passage formed in and rotating with said crank shaft for delivering oil to other moving parts in said compressor, said oil passage having an open end adapted to intermittently move into registration with and scoop on and catch oil adhering to said ring.

BURR WARD MANTLE. 

